How Memories Are Made, And Recalled (September 16, 2008) -- What makes a memory? Single cells in the brain, for one thing. For the first time, scientists have recorded individual brain cells in the act of calling up a memory, thus revealing where in the brain a specific memory is stored and how the brain is able to recreate it. ... > full story
'1-hit' Event Provides New Opportunity For Colon Cancer Prevention, Say Researchers (September 16, 2008) -- Over 30 years ago, Fox Chase Cancer Center's Alfred Knudson, Jr., revolutionized cancer genetics with the Two-Hit Hypothesis, which guided scientists around the globe in their quest for tumor suppressor genes. Now, Knudson and colleagues offer evidence that a "one-hit" event is enough to make cells abnormal. By studying the first colon cell proteome, which describes the proteins a cell makes, they believe they may have discovered patterns that could indicate cancer. ... > full story
Adding Taxotere To Chemotherapy Regimen Improves Survival In Early Breast Cancer, Study Suggests (September 16, 2008) -- For patients with early stage breast cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes, adding four cycles of docetaxel (Taxotere) into a sequential regimen of epirubicin followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) reduces the risk of recurrence and death, updated long-term results show. ... > full story
Impulsive Eater? Remembering Failures May Help Curb Eating (September 16, 2008) -- When it comes to tempting or fattening foods, some people are a lot more impulsive than others. And according to a new study, impulsive people think and act differently than non-impulsive people after they remember a time when they resisted or succumbed to temptation. ... > full story
Purifying Parasites From Host Cells With Light (September 16, 2008) -- Researchers have developed a clever method to purify parasitic organisms from their host cells, which will allow for more detailed studies and a deeper insight into the biology of organisms that cause millions of cases of disease each year. ... > full story
Investigational Drug Shows Promise In Ovarian Cancer (September 16, 2008) -- An investigational drug that combats ovarian cancer by inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels has shown promise in a phase II trial, according to new research. ... > full story
New Method Identifies Meth Hot Spots (September 16, 2008) -- A new method of combining multiple sources of data to identify counties in Oregon with high numbers of methamphetamine-related problems per capita, giving officials a new tool in fighting the illegal drug. ... > full story
New Tool To Speed Cancer Therapy Approval Available (September 16, 2008) -- Although cancer remains a leading cause of death in America, it can take up to 12 years to bring a new anti-cancer agent before the FDA and the success rate for approval is only five to 10 percent. That means many research hours and dollars are wasted chasing avenues that will not bring fruit. ... > full story
Steady Work And Mental Health: Is There A Connection? (September 16, 2008) -- Research from the Center for Addiction and Mental Health, in a new report from the World Health Organization on the social determinants of health, highlights the profound impact of employment conditions on health. ... > full story
Vaccine Against HER2-positive Breast Cancer Offers Complete Protection In Lab (September 15, 2008) -- Researchers have tested a breast cancer vaccine they say completely eliminated HER2-positive tumors in mice -- even cancers resistant to current anti-HER2 therapy --- without any toxicity. ... > full story
Key To Keeping Older People Fit For Longer (September 15, 2008) -- A carefully framed combination of moderate exercise and nutritional supplements could help older people maintain an active lifestyle for longer. ... > full story
Significant Benefits In Non-small-cell Lung Cancer From Customizing Erlotinib Treatment (September 15, 2008) -- Lung cancer patients whose tumors carry specific genetic mutations can achieve significantly longer survival when treated with targeted therapies such as erlotinib, researchers report. ... > full story
Global Shortages Of Radio Isotopes For Cancer Diagnosis May Be A Thing Of The Past (September 15, 2008) -- Thanks to a newly-developed technology, global shortages of radio isotopes for cancer diagnosis could be a thing of the past. ... > full story
Unusual Case Of Woman Who Suffered Stroke During Sex (September 15, 2008) -- Minutes after having sexual intercourse with her boyfriend, a 35-year-old woman suddenly felt her left arm go weak. Her speech became slurred and she lost feeling on the left side of her face. She was having a stroke. Doctors later concluded the stroke probably was due to several related factors, including birth control pills, a venous blood clot, sexual intercourse and a heart defect. ... > full story
Viruses Collectively Decide Bacterial Cell's Fate (September 15, 2008) -- A new study suggests that bacteria-infecting viruses -- called phages -- can make collective decisions about whether to kill host cells immediately after infection or enter a latent state to remain within the host cell. The research shows that when multiple viruses infect a cell, the overall level of viral gene expression increases, which has a dramatic nonlinear effect on gene networks that control cell fate. ... > full story
Ovarian Cancer Drug Trial Reveals Promising New Treatment (September 15, 2008) -- Women with recurrent ovarian cancer can be helped by an experimental therapy using a drug already touted for its ability to fight other cancers, a finding that provides hope for improved treatment of this deadly disease. ... > full story
Mother's Stress Linked To Her Child Becoming Overweight (September 15, 2008) -- A mother's stress may contribute to her young children being overweight in low income households with sufficient food, according to a new Iowa State University study published in the September issue of Pediatrics, the professional journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. ... > full story
Turn It Off To Turn It On: Neuroscientists Discover Critical Early Step Of Memory Formation (September 15, 2008) -- Researchers have found how nerve cells in the brain ensure that Arc, a protein critical for memory formation, is made instantly after nerve stimulation. Paradoxically, its manufacture involves two other proteins -- including one linked to mental retardation -- that typically prevent proteins from being made. ... > full story
Cold And Lonely: Does Social Exclusion Literally Feel Cold? (September 15, 2008) -- There are numerous examples in our daily language of metaphors which make a connection between cold temperatures and emotions such as loneliness, despair and sadness. We are taught at a young age that metaphors are meant to be descriptive and are not supposed to be taken literally. However, recent studies suggest that these metaphors are more than just fancy literary devices and that there is a psychological basis for linking cold with feelings of social isolation. ... > full story
Newer Antipsychotics No Better Than Older Drug In Treating Child And Adolescent Schizophrenia, Study Finds (September 15, 2008) -- Nearly every child who receives an antipsychotic medicine is first prescribed a second-generation, or "atypical" drugs. However, there has never been evidence that these drugs are more effective or safer than the older, first-generation medications. Now a UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine study suggests that first-generation drugs are as effective as the newer ones and should be used as a first line of therapy in some children. ... > full story
Aerobic Exercise For The Wheelchair-bound (September 15, 2008) -- Simple exercise machine makes it fun for wheelchair users to fight high obesity, diabetes and heart disease rates. ... > full story
Laminin Builds The Neuromuscular Synapse (September 15, 2008) -- Like a plug and a socket, a nerve and a muscle fiber mesh at the neuromuscular junction. New work reveals that an extracellular matrix protein called laminin shapes both sides of the junction to ensure they fit together. ... > full story
Violence Against Women Impairs Children's Health (September 15, 2008) -- Violence against women in a family also has serious consequences for the children's growth, health, and survival. Researchers have studied women and their children in Bangladesh and Nicaragua and have shown, among other things, that children whose mothers are exposed to violence grow less and are sick more often than other children. ... > full story
Scientists Watch As Listener's Brain Predicts Speaker's Words (September 15, 2008) -- Scientists have shown for the first time that our brains automatically consider many possible words and their meanings before we've even heard the final sound of the word. ... > full story
World-first To Predict Premature Births (September 15, 2008) -- Australian researchers and a pathology company have joined forces to develop a world-first computerized system which may reveal a way to predict premature birth with greater accuracy. ... > full story
The 'Satellite Navigation' In Our Brains (September 15, 2008) -- Our brains contain their own navigation system much like satellite navigation, with in-built maps, grids and compasses, according to new research by neuroscientists. ... > full story
New Cancer-causing Gene In Many Colon Cancers Identified (September 15, 2008) -- Demonstrating that despite the large number of cancer-causing genes already identified, many more remain to be found, scientists have linked a previously unsuspected gene, CDK8, to colon cancer. CDK8 influences transcription factors, making it an attractive target for drug therapies, as affecting the gene may potentially disrupt the cancer process and disable tumor cells. ... > full story
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Women Experience More Pain Than Men Do, Study Suggests (September 15, 2008) -- Rheumatoid arthritis is often a more painful experience for women than it is for men, even though the visible symptoms are the same. Scientists are now saying that doctors should take more account of these subjective differences when assessing the need for medication. ... > full story
Better Health Through Your Cell Phone (September 15, 2008) -- Researchers have advanced a novel lens-free imaging technique on the path to use in medical diagnostic applications that promise to improve global health related disease monitoring, such as malaria and HIV. The on-chip imaging platform is capable of quickly and accurately counting targeted cell types in a mixed cell solution. Eventually, the platform will be scaled down to the point that it can be integrated within a regular wireless cell phone. ... > full story
Faster, Cheaper Way Of Analyzing The Human Genome Developed (September 15, 2008) -- A faster and less expensive way for scientists to find which genes might affect human health has been developed. Using barcodes, not unlike what shoppers find in grocery stores, researchers found a way to index portions of the nearly 3-billion-base human genetic code, making it easier for scientists to zero in on the regions most likely to show variations in genetic traits. ... > full story
Newly Found Gene Variants Account For Kidney Diseases Among African-Americans, Studies Show (September 15, 2008) -- For the first time, researchers have identified variations in a single gene that are strongly associated with kidney diseases disproportionately affecting African-Americans. ... > full story
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Common Among Injured Patients (September 15, 2008) -- Suffering serious injury can have long-lasting implications for a patient's mental health, according to the largest-ever US study evaluating the impact of traumatic injury. Researchers found that post-traumatic stress disorder and depression were common among patients assessed one year after suffering serious injury. Injured patients diagnosed with PTSD or depression were also six times more likely to not return to work in the year following injury. ... > full story
New Pathway For Malaria Infection Discovered (September 15, 2008) -- Scientists are describing the discovery and in vivo validation of scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), a major regulator of cholesterol uptake by the liver, as a critical host factor for malaria infection. The new research findings are the first to describe a molecular link between cholesterol metabolism and malaria infection, and the new data could lead to new approaches for the treatment of malaria including use of RNAi therapeutics. ... > full story
Gap Junction Protein Vital To Successful Pregnancy, Researchers Find (September 15, 2008) -- Researchers studying a critical stage of pregnancy -- implantation of the embryo in the uterus -- have found a protein that is vital to the growth of new blood vessels that sustain the embryo. Without this protein, which is produced in higher quantities in the presence of estrogen, the embryo is unlikely to survive. ... > full story
Colorectal Cancer Screening Should Start At Age 50, Study Confirms (September 15, 2008) -- Colorectal adenomas, the precursor polyps in virtually all colorectal cancers, occur infrequently in younger adults, but the rate sharply increases after age 50. Additionally, African Americans have a higher rate of proximal, or right-sided, polyps, and may have a worse prognosis for survival if the polyps become cancerous. Therefore, the results of this study further emphasize the importance of colonoscopies, which view the entire colon, for the prevention of colorectal cancer beginning at age 50. ... > full story
Women Who Binge Drink At Greater Risk Of Unsafe Sex And Sexually Transmitted Disease (September 15, 2008) -- Binge drinking (5 or more alcoholic beverages at one time) is associated with risky sexual behaviors. A new study examined this association by gender at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Binge drinking increased the risk of unsafe sexual behaviors and having an STD for women patients. ... > full story
Monitoring Immune Responses In Disease (September 15, 2008) -- A new method enables the detection of multiple parameters of single human cells. A new report demonstrates the characterization of specific blood cells from an individual with type 1 diabetes, providing information about the role these cells might play in the development of the disease and during therapy. ... > full story
Chest Surgeons Propose Measures For Indicating Quality Of Lung Surgery (September 15, 2008) -- Even though 30,000 patients in the United States undergo lung surgery each year, no standard criteria exist to measure the quality of their care. In the current issue of the Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic surgeons have proposed a system of lung surgery quality indicators for surgeons and the public as a method to demonstrate best practices for obtaining positive patient outcomes. ... > full story
Mobile Phones Help Secondary Pupils (September 15, 2008) -- Ask a teacher to name the most irritating invention of recent years and they will often nominate the mobile phone. However, some education researchers believe it is time that phone bans were reassessed — because mobile phones can be a powerful learning aid, they say. ... > full story
Seeing Through The Skin: Optic-less Imaging Technology Could Beat Lens-based Imaging Devices (September 14, 2008) -- Feeling blue? According one researcher, humans may have an ability to "see" colors and shapes with their skin. His optic-less imaging model could lead to a new form of optical imaging technology that beats the limitations of today's lens-based imaging devices, and it may also explain how this controversial primordial instinct might have evolved over millions of years. ... > full story
How Not To Gain The Dreaded 'Freshman Fifteen' (September 14, 2008) -- When fall classes at the University of California, San Diego begin on Sept. 25, freshmen will be on their own for the first time to spend endless hours on the computer, play video games and eat whatever they want, a recipe for weight gain. However, several UC San Diego wellness, weight-management and counseling programs will help students beat the dreaded "freshmen fifteen." ... > full story
Say 'Goodbye' To Back Fat Rolls (September 14, 2008) -- A new study in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery reveals a new back lift procedure that removes the unsightly bumps and bulges of back fat rolls while hiding the scar under the bra line. ... > full story
Immunity Traits May Be Involved In Mate Choice In Some Human Populations (September 14, 2008) -- Some human populations may rely on biological factors in addition to social factors when selecting a mate. Scientists have reported genomic data showing that immunity traits may be involved in mate choice in some human populations. ... > full story
Key Component Of Debilitating Lung Disease Identified (September 14, 2008) -- Antioxidant defense system could be new target for potential therapies for COPD. For the first time, researchers have demonstrated a close correlation between the decline in a key component of the lung's antioxidant defense system and the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in humans. ... > full story
Erectile Dysfunction Related To Sleep Apnea May Persist, But Is Treatable (September 14, 2008) -- For sufferers of sleep apnea, erectile dysfunction is often part of the package. New research indicates that ED in cases of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome may be linked to the chronic intermittent hypoxia -- oxygen deprivation -- that patients with OSAS experience during episodes of obstructed breathing. ... > full story
Illusion Vs. Reality: Age-related Differences In Expectations For Future Happiness (September 14, 2008) -- Albert Einstein once quipped, "Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one." The famous scientist might have added that the illusion of reality shifts over time. According to a new study in the journal Psychological Science, age influences how we perceive the future. ... > full story
New Cannabis-like Drugs Could Block Pain Without Affecting Brain, Says Study (September 14, 2008) -- A new type of drug could alleviate pain in a similar way to cannabis without affecting the brain, according to a new study in the journal Pain. The research demonstrates for the first time that cannabinoid receptors called CB2, which can be activated by cannabis use, are present in human sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system, but are not present in a normal human brain. ... > full story
Tuberculosis Drug Shows Promise Against Latent Bacteria (September 14, 2008) -- A new study has shown that an investigational drug, R207910, is quite effective at killing latent bacteria. This revelation suggests that R207910 may lead to improved and shortened treatments for this globally prevalent disease. ... > full story
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