ADHD Medications Do Not Cause Genetic Damage In Children, Study Shows (November 20, 2008) -- In contrast to recent findings, two of the most common medications used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder do not appear to cause genetic damage in children who take them as prescribed, according to a new study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health and Duke University Medical Center. ... > full story
Gene That Regulates Mold's Resistance To Drugs Identified (November 20, 2008) -- Researchers have found a gene that regulates mold's resistance to anti-mold drugs. ... > full story
General Anesthesia For Hernia Surgery In Children And Risk Of Later Developmental Problems (November 20, 2008) -- Children under the age of three who had hernia surgery showed almost twice the risk of behavioral or developmental problems later compared to children who had not undergone the surgery. ... > full story
Extensive Use Of Illicit Alcohol Found (November 20, 2008) -- The consumption of illicit or noncommercial alcohol is widespread in many countries worldwide and contributes significantly to the global burden of disease, according to a new report. ... > full story
New Bacteria Discovered In Raw Milk (November 20, 2008) -- Raw milk is illegal in many countries as it can be contaminated with potentially harmful microbes. Contamination can also spoil the milk, making it taste bitter and turn thick and sticky. Now scientists have discovered new species of bacteria that can grow at low temperatures, spoiling raw milk even when it is refrigerated. It seems the microbial population of raw milk is much more complex than previously thought. ... > full story
Rhesus Factor Controls Renal Function And Male Fertility (November 20, 2008) -- The "Rhesus" blood group is well-known from the public for its importance in the field of transfusion medicine. New observations have implications in human medicine. They suggest that in man, mutations affecting the RHCG gene could cause some forms of renal pathologies and/or a loss of male fertility. ... > full story
Jumonjd3: A Key For Unlocking Neuronal Stem Cell Fate (November 20, 2008) -- A novel role for the protein, Jumonjd3, as an epigenetic modulator in the neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells, has recently been uncovered -- a step forward in the understanding of cellular reprogramming and in the development of innovative cancer therapies. ... > full story
African-Americans With Depression And Heart Attack Have Greater Risk Of Death (November 20, 2008) -- African-American patients with acute myocardial infarction and previously treated depression that persists at their MI hospitalization have an increased risk of post-MI death, according to new research. ... > full story
Gut Check Reveals Vast Multicultural Community Of Bugs In Bowels (November 19, 2008) -- Mention the phrase "diverse ecosystem," and it conjures images of tropical rainforests and endangered coral reefs. It also describes the human colon. A new study reveals in greater detail than ever before the full extent of the bacterial community inhabiting the human bowel -- 10 times more diverse than previous research had suggested. ... > full story
Over-stressing Already Taxed Cancer Cells May Kill Them (November 19, 2008) -- Cancer cells are already stressed by the fast pace they require to grow and spread and scientists believe a little more stress just may kill them. ... > full story
Genetics For Personalized Coronary Heart Disease Treatment (November 19, 2008) -- Identifying a single, common variation in a person's genetic information improves prediction of his or her risk of a heart attack or other heart disease events and thus, choice of the best treatment accordingly, said researchers at Baylor College of Medicine. ... > full story
Improving Long-term Learning Through Spacing Of Lessons (November 19, 2008) -- Combine the aphorisms that "practice makes perfect" and "timing is everything" into one and you might get something resembling findings published in this month's issue of Psychological Science. Proper spacing of lessons, the researchers report, can dramatically enhance learning. And larger gaps between study sessions result in better recall of facts. Conversely: Cramming is ineffective in the long haul. ... > full story
Gene Associated With Epilepsy Discovered (November 19, 2008) -- Scientists have found a new gene associated with the brain disorder epilepsy. While the PRICKLE1 gene mutation was specific to a rare form of epilepsy, the study results could help lead to new ideas for overall epilepsy treatment. ... > full story
Cellular Safety Shelters Allow TB Agent To Survive In Infected Individuals (November 19, 2008) -- "Foamy" macrophage formation may be the key to persistence of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, explains a new study in PLoS Pathogens. These immunity-related cells are shown to be a safety reservoir where the bacterium can hide for years in infected individuals, before inducing an active disease. ... > full story
Hybrid Cars Too Quiet For Pedestrian Safety? Add Engine Noise, Say Researchers (November 19, 2008) -- Hybrid and electric vehicles do not emit the sounds pedestrians and bicyclists are accustomed to hearing as a vehicle approaches them. Human factors/ergonomics researchers examined participants' preferences for sounds that could be added to quiet vehicles to make them easier to detect. ... > full story
Men With Facial Scars Are More Attractive To Women Seeking Short-term Relationships (November 19, 2008) -- Men with facial scars are more attractive to women seeking short-term relationships, scientists at the University of Liverpool have found. ... > full story
Garlic Chemical Tablet Treats Diabetes I And II, Study Suggests (November 19, 2008) -- A drug based on a chemical found in garlic can treat diabetes types I and II when taken as a tablet, a new study shows. ... > full story
Individuals With HIV Have Higher Risk Of Non-AIDS Cancers (November 19, 2008) -- The risk of non-AIDS cancer is higher for individuals infected with HIV than for the general population, according to a meta-analysis presented at the American Association for Cancer Research's Seventh Annual International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research. ... > full story
How Household Bleach Kills Bacteria (November 19, 2008) -- Developed more than 200 years ago and found in households around the world, chlorine bleach is among the most widely used disinfectants, yet scientists never have understood exactly how the familiar product kills bacteria. ... > full story
Kids From Juvenile Justice System 7 Times More Likely To Commit Criminal Acts, Study Finds (November 19, 2008) -- A new study shows that juvenile delinquents sentenced to either a juvenile retreat, probation or unsupervised community service were seven times more likely to commit criminal acts as adults than youngsters from the control group who managed to avoid the juvenile justice system. ... > full story
Broccoli May Lower Lung Cancer Risk In Smokers (November 19, 2008) -- The cancer preventive properties of broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables appear to work specifically in smokers, according to new research. ... > full story
New Equation Provides More Accurate Estimates Of Kidney Function (November 19, 2008) -- A newly developed equation produces more accurate estimates of the glomerular filtration rate, a key indicator of kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease, according to new research. ... > full story
The Psychology Of Deja Vu (November 19, 2008) -- All of us have experienced being in a new place and feeling certain that we have been there before. A new report published in Current Directions in Psychological Science describes recent findings about deja vu, including the many similarities that exist between déjà vu and our understanding of human recognition memory. ... > full story
Ginkgo Biloba Does Not Reduce Dementia Risk, Study Shows (November 19, 2008) -- The medicinal herb Ginkgo biloba does not reduce the risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease development in either the healthy elderly or those with mild cognitive impairment, according to a large multicenter trial. ... > full story
ECG Tests No Better Than Routine Clinical Assessment At Predicting Future Heart Disease, Study Finds (November 19, 2008) -- ECG tests commonly given to people with suspected angina to predict the likelihood future of heart disease have limited accuracy, according to a new study. ... > full story
Student Achieves Control Of Collagen Nanofibers To Manufacture Synthetic Knee Cartilage (November 19, 2008) -- An engineering student reports on the manufacturing of synthetic cartilage similar to human cartilage, for medical use. Protection of the knee for disabled people with prostheses may be one of the first applications. ... > full story
Necessary Lattes? People Short On Self-control Categorize More Items As Necessities (November 19, 2008) -- Why do so many of us give up on those New Year's resolutions to lose weight or curb luxury spending? A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research says it has to do with the way our goals intersect with our natures. ... > full story
Patient's Own Stem Cells Can Be Used To Treat Heart Failure (November 19, 2008) -- Researchers are enrolling people in a new clinical trial that uses a patient's own stem cells to treat ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure. The one-year Cardiac Repair Cell Treatment of Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy study will look at the safety of injecting Cardiac Repair Cells and their ability to improve heart function. ... > full story
What Makes An Axon An Axon? (November 19, 2008) -- Inside every axon is a dendrite waiting to get out. Scientists converted mature axons into dendrites by banishing a protein crucial for neuron development. The results suggest that this transformation could occur after nerve cell damage. ... > full story
Sleep Helps People Learn Complicated Tasks (November 19, 2008) -- Sleep helps the mind learn complicated tasks and helps people recover learning they otherwise thought they had forgotten. Using a test that involved learning to play video games, researchers showed for the first time that people who had "forgotten" how to perform a complex task 12 hours after training found that those abilities were restored after a night's sleep. ... > full story
Antibiotics Can Cause Pervasive, Persistent Changes To Microbiota In Human Gut (November 19, 2008) -- Using a novel technique developed at the Marine Biological Laboratory to identify different types of bacteria, scientists have completed the most precise survey to date of how microbial communities in the human gut respond to antibiotic treatment. ... > full story
Battling Bacteria In The Blood: Mathematical Models Help In Tackling Deadly Infections (November 19, 2008) -- It's a leading cause of death, but no one knows for sure how and why it happens. It's a major source of health care costs, adding days or weeks to the hospital stays of millions of people. But no one fully understands how best to fight it. Now, new research is tackling the problem at its most basic level, in hopes of finding new and more effective ways to treat bacteremia and sepsis. ... > full story
Low-dose Aspirin Does Not Appear To Reduce Risk Of CV Events In Patients With Diabetes (November 19, 2008) -- Low-dose aspirin as primary prevention did not appear to significantly reduce the risk of a combined end point of coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular events in patients with type-2 diabetes, according to a new study. However, aspirin did significantly reduce the combination of fatal coronary and fatal cerebrovascular events. ... > full story
Alcohol Sponsorship Linked To Hazardous Drinking In Sportspeople (November 19, 2008) -- A new study provides the first evidence of a link between alcohol-industry sponsorship and hazardous drinking among sportspeople. ... > full story
Cell Pathway Driving A Deadly Sub-type Of Breast Cancer Discovered (November 19, 2008) -- An intra-cellular pathway not previously linked to breast cancer is driving a sub-type of the disease that is highly lethal and disproportionately over-represented in African-American women. ... > full story
Heart Failure Hospitalization Rates Rise Among Nation's Seniors (November 19, 2008) -- The number of patients over age 65 hospitalized for heart failure increased by 131 percent between 1980 and 2006. Women had a much higher annual increase than men. Among the three major forms of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease and stroke being the other two), only heart failure has shown a significant increase in hospitalization rates. ... > full story
How Often Will You Use That Treadmill? (November 19, 2008) -- Why not buy that treadmill? You'll be exercising every day, right? A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research examines why our expectations of our behavior so often don't match reality. ... > full story
Clue To Stopping Breast-cancer Metastasis Discovered (November 18, 2008) -- If scientists knew exactly what a breast cancer cell needs to spread, then they could stop the most deadly part of the disease: metastasis. New research takes a step in that direction. ... > full story
Study Helps Identify Beachgoers At Increased Risk Of Skin Cancer (November 18, 2008) -- Identifying the sun-protection practices and risk profiles of beachgoers may help determine those who would benefit from targeted interventions intended to reduce the risk of skin cancer, according to a study in the November issue of Archives of Dermatology. ... > full story
Calcium May Only Protect Against Colorectal Cancer In Presence Of Magnesium (November 18, 2008) -- An understanding of the relationship between calcium and magnesium may lead to new avenues of personalized prevention for colorectal cancer. ... > full story
Hazardous Alternatives To Alcohol Beverages Are Still Widely Available In Russia (November 18, 2008) -- Non-beverage alcohols are manufactured liquids that contain alcohol but are not intended for consumption, such as medicinal tinctures, aftershave, alcohol-based anti-freeze, antiseptics, and eau-de-colognes. A survey of 17 Russian cities has found that these products are widely available, highly concentrated, and cheaper than standard Russian vodka. ... > full story
Biomedical Engineers' Detective Work Reveals Antibiotic Mechanism (November 18, 2008) -- Biomedical researchers used a series of genetic clues to uncover how certain antibiotics kill bacteria. They focused on finding the precise trigger that caused over-production of hydroxyl radical molecules and how misfolded proteins get delivered to the cell membrane, which with other steps contributes to cell death. ... > full story
Why HIV Treatment Makes People So Susceptible To Heart Disease And Diabetes (November 18, 2008) -- Clinicians have known for some time that people treated for HIV also become much more susceptible to diabetes and heart disease. A study by scientists in Australia has now shown some of the reasons why -- enabling better patient management and monitoring. ... > full story
'Six Degrees Of Kevin Bacon' Game Provides Clue To Efficiency Of Complex Networks (November 18, 2008) -- As the global population continues to grow exponentially, our social connections to one another remain relatively small, as if we're all protagonists in the Kevin Bacon game inspired by "Six Degrees of Separation," a Broadway play and Hollywood feature that were popular in the 1990s. ... > full story
Adult Stem Cell Breakthrough: First Tissue-engineered Trachea Successfully Transplanted (November 18, 2008) -- The first tissue-engineered trachea (windpipe), utilizing the patient's own stem cells, has been successfully transplanted into a young woman with a failing airway. ... > full story
Australian First: Kangaroo Genome Mapped (November 18, 2008) -- Australian researchers have launched the world first detailed map of the kangaroo genome, completing the first phase of the kangaroo genomics project. ... > full story
Two Cancer Drugs Prevent, Reverse Type 1 Diabetes, Animal Study Shows (November 18, 2008) -- Two common cancer drugs have been shown to both prevent and reverse type 1 diabetes in a mouse model of the disease, according to new research. The drugs -- imatinib (marketed as Gleevec) and sunitinib (marketed as Sutent) -- were found to put type 1 diabetes into remission in 80 percent of the test mice and work permanently in 80 percent of those that go into remission. ... > full story
Technology Gives 3-D View Of Human Coronary Arteries (November 18, 2008) -- For the first time researchers are getting a detailed look at the interior of human coronary arteries, using an optical imaging technique developed at the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital. In their report in the journal JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, the research team describes how optical frequency-domain imaging gives 3-D, microscopic views of significant segments of patients' coronary arteries, visualizing areas of inflammation and plaque deposits. ... > full story
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